HomeِAncient Egyptian History
Egypt's history is much longer than most countrys'. In over 5000 years, many important figures have emerged and countless events have shaped Egypt's history and culture. This brief overview will tell you about the most famous people and greatest moments in Egypt's long history and inspire you to explore Egypt's past from ancient times up to the present.
.jpg "The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt")
The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt is the foundation upon which all of Egypt’s long and storied history has been built.
Middle Kingdom of Egypt: Archaeologists refer to the second period of stability in Ancient Egypt as the Middle Kingdom (2055–1650 BC)
Uncover the glory of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt—learn about its pharaohs, remarkable power, and lasting cultural legacy.
.jpg "Queen Hatshepsut")
Discover the incredible story of Queen Hatshepsut, Egypt's most famous female pharaoh. Explore the legacy of pharaoh queen hatshepsut.
King Tut, as Tutankhamun is popularly known, is probably the most famous figure from Ancient Egyptian history.
.jpg "King Ramses II: Facts, Accomplishments, Life and Death")
Ramesses II, or Ramesses the Great, is one of the most famous figures in the history of Ancient Egypt.
.jpg "Greco-Roman Period")
The arrival of Alexander opened a new era in Egyptian history. Even though Alexander and his army were Greek, he was regarded by the Egyptians as a liberator, freeing them from Persian control.
.jpg "Behind the Throne: Exploring the Life and Reign of Queen Cleopatra of Egypt")
Journey with us as we explore the life & reign of Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. This blog delves into her strategies, power plays, and the legacy she left behind.
Alexander the Great arrived in Egypt in 332 BC. After defeating the Persian emperor Darius for control of Syria and the Levant, Alexander marched to Egypt.
Nearly a thousand years of Greco-Roman rule in Egypt came to an abrupt end in 641 AD when an army of Arab Muslims lead by Amr Ibn Al-Aas captured Alexandria. Islam was only a few decades old at the time.
Learn about Amr Ibn Al-As: his life story, legacy, and vital role in shaping early Islamic history. Explore history's influential figures today.
Saladin is the anglicized name for Salah Ad-Din, one of the most famous Muslim historical figures in the West. Coming from Sunni Kurdish origins in Syria.
Forming the backbone of the Egyptian military during the Ayyubid Caliphate, the Mamluks were soldiers recruited from areas in the Balkans and the Caucasus and indoctrinated as slave soldiers.
Mohammad Ali is regarded as the father of modern Egypt. He founded the Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan in 1805, capitalizing on the disorder in Egypt that followed the French occupation (1798 to 1801)
Muhammad Ali tried to establish an independent kingdom in Egypt under his control and undertook massive modernization to transform Egypt economically.
Frequently Asked Questions
Got questions? We’ve got answers. Find everything you need to know to plan your perfect trip.
1.What is the best time to visit Egypt?
You can travel to Egypt any time of the year. The best time to visit Egypt is during the mild season from November to April when temperatures are comfortable for sightseeing. The summer months are hot but suitable for beach activities in coastal areas.
2.Are Nile River cruises safe?
Yes, Nile River cruises are generally considered safe for travelers. Cruise operators prioritize passenger safety, and security measures are in place in tourist areas. It's important to stay informed, follow guidance from local authorities and cruise staff, and choose reputable operators.
3.How long should I plan for an Egypt tour?
The duration of your Egypt tour depends on the places you want to visit and your personal preferences. A typical itinerary could range from 7 to 10 days, allowing you to explore the major highlights such as Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan. If you have more time, you can extend your trip to include additional destinations or spend extra days relaxing at the Red Sea resorts.
4.How long do Nile River cruises take?
Most Nile River cruises sail from Luxor to Aswan or vice versa, making frequent stops. The sailing journey usually takes four, or five days, but can be longer if you prefer.
5.What are the best Egypt tours to go on?
There are several popular tours in Egypt that offer unique experiences. Here are some of the best Egypt tours to consider:
1. Trip to Egypt: Pyramids & Nile by Air
2. 5 Days Trip to Egypt: Cairo and Luxor
3. Pyramids, Nile Cruise & Abu Simbel
6.What marine life can I see in Marsa Alam?
You can swim with sea turtles, dolphins, and even spot sharks and rays while diving at world-class reefs like Elphinstone.
7.What is the starting point of Nile River cruises?
Most Nile River cruises start in Luxor or Aswan. But there are other itineraries where the Nile River cruises start in Cairo.
8.Can I customize my Egypt tour according to my preferences?
Yes, at Memphis Tours, we offer the flexibility to customize your Egypt tours. You can discuss your preferences, such as specific sites or activities you want to include, with your tour operator. They can tailor the itinerary to accommodate your interests, whether it's focusing on archaeology, nature, or unique cultural experiences.
9.How can I reach Marsa Alam?
You can fly directly to Marsa Alam International Airport or travel via Hurghada or Luxor by car or bus.
10.What are the best itineraries for Nile River cruises?
Here are four popular Nile River cruise itineraries:
1. Classic Nile Cruise:
Start from Luxor, sailing through Esna, Edfu, and Kom Ombo, and end your route in Aswan, with an optional Abu Simbel stop after Aswan.
2. Reverse Classic Nile Cruise:
Start from Aswan, sailing through Kom Ombo, Edfu, and Esna, and end your route in Luxor, with an optional Abu Simbel stop at the beginning of the route while you are still in Aswan.
3. Long Cruise:
Starting in Cairo and then continuing till Luxor and going along the rest of the classic route or vice versa; starting in Aswan going along the reverse classic route then sailing to Cairo to visit the Pyramids and Cairo's attractions.
4. Lake Nasser Cruise:
Start in Aswan, visiting High Dam, Unfinished Obelisk, and Philae Temple, then continue sailing in Lake Nasser visiting other attractions till you make it to Abu Simbel to visit the iconic Abu Simbel Temples.
11.What is the top places to include in your Egypt tour itinerary?
When planning an Egypt tour itinerary, there are several top places you should consider including to make the most of your visit. Here are some of the must-see destinations in Egypt:
Cairo (Pyramids of Giza, the Great Sphinx, Egyptian Museum, Khan El Khalili, Islamic Cairo, Grand Egyptian Museum), Luxor (Karnak Temple, Luxor Temple, Valley of the Kings, Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Colossi of Memnon), Aswan (High Dam, Philae Temple, Unfinished Obelisk), Abu Simbel (Temples of Ramses II and Nefertari), Alexandria (Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa), Edfu (Edfu Temple), Kom Ombo (Kom Ombo Temple), Sham El Sheikh, Hurghada.
12.What accommodations are available?
Marsa Alam offers everything from luxury beach resorts to eco-lodges, combining comfort with sustainability.
13.What is the best Nile cruise in Egypt?
The Nile, spanning across 11 countries, holds the title of being the world's longest river. To truly immerse yourself in its splendor, a Nile cruise is highly recommended. In Egypt, we consider the following Nile cruises to be among the best: Movenpick Royal Lily Nile Cruise, Oberoi Philae Nile Cruise, Movenpick Royal Lotus Nile Cruise, Oberoi Zahra Nile Cruise, Steigenberger Minerva Nile Cruise, Sonesta St. George Nile Cruise, Salacia Nile Cruise, Ashranda Nebyt Dahabiya, Historia Nile Cruise.
14.What is the cost of an Egypt tour?
The cost of an Egypt tour depends on various factors such as the duration, the level of accommodation, and the included activities. Generally, Egypt tours can range from budget-friendly options to luxury packages.
15.What is the best time to take Nile River cruises?
The best time of the year to sail on Nile River cruises is from October to April as the days are warm but not extremely hot.
16.What to pack for your Egypt tour?
When packing for an Egypt tour, it's important to consider the local climate, cultural norms, and the activities you plan to engage in. Here's a list of essentials to pack for your Egypt tour: Lightweight, breathable clothing, sun protection (sunscreen, hat, sunglasses), comfortable walking shoes, swimwear (if applicable), light jacket or sweater, travel adapter, insect repellent, medications, toiletries, travel documents (passport, visa, insurance), sufficient cash and cards, electronics and chargers, and reusable water bottle.
17.What are the different types of Egypt tours available for travelers?
With countless experiences to live and a lot of wonders to see in Egypt, there are more than one kind and one type of tour you can go on that suits your taste.
1. Classic Egypt Tours: Discover Egypt’s history and its most iconic attractions. From its Great Pyramids of Giza and Great Sphinx to majestic tombs and temple complex in Luxor and Aswan, combine a tour of Cairo with a cruise down the longest river in the world, the Nile River. Prices starting from $983.
2. Off the Beaten Track Tours: Take a unique track during your journey in Egypt. Discover ancient Egypt from a different perspective as you explore unique monuments telling different stories. Prices starting from $775.
3. Luxury Tours: Our luxury packages will take you back to a bygone era of more comfortable travel. Kick back and experience all the charm and history that Egypt has to offer with the most exclusive service. Prices starting from $1929.
4. Christmas in Egypt Tours: Change the usual scene of snow and sitting by the fire and spend the holidays in the warmer weather of Egypt as you follow the steps of Pharaohs. Prices starting from $825
5. Small Group Tours: If you are looking for a more intimate travel away from the crowds, but still be able to meet and befriend some fellow travelers, then traveling with a small group is the perfect pick for you. This will give you a deeper connection to Egypt as you explore its hidden gems. Prices starting from $227.
18.What is the dress code on Nile River Cruises?
There is no formal dress code on Nile River Cruises. But modest clothes are recommended and comfortable shoes when going on sightseeing tours outside the Nile River cruises.
19.What different types of hotels are there in hotels in Egypt? What about check-in time?
Accommodations for travelers in Egypt fall across a broad range—everything from world class luxury to simple hostel accommodations are available. The nicest hotels compare well with luxury hotels anywhere, Egyptian hotels have their own rating system that loosely classifies them on a 5-star scale.
The check-in time in most hotels in Egypt is around midday, 12 or 1 PM.
20.Is it safe for children to travel on a Nile River cruise?
Absolutely! Nile cruises are a wonderful experience for the whole family, including children. The safety and well-being of our passengers, especially children, are our top priorities. Nile cruises are equipped with necessary safety measures, including life jackets and trained staff to ensure a secure environment onboard. Additionally, the cruise itineraries are carefully planned to visit family-friendly destinations and attractions along the Nile, providing educational and enjoyable experiences for children. Rest assured, your little ones will have a memorable and safe adventure on a Nile cruise.
21.Q9. What language is the Aida Opera performed in?
The opera is traditionally performed in Italian, with projected English subtitles available for the audience to follow the storyline easily.
22.Can I find vegetarian food onboard the Nile River Cruise?
Yes, most Nile River cruises offer vegetarian food options onboard. As vegetarianism is becoming increasingly popular, cruise operators understand the need to cater to different dietary preferences. When booking your cruise, it is recommended to inform the cruise company or your travel agent about your vegetarian diet so that they can accommodate your needs. This will allow them to make the necessary arrangements and ensure that vegetarian meals are available during your Nile River cruise.
23.What are the types of Nile River cruises in Egypt?
There are two main types of cruises in Egypt:
1. Nile Cruises:
Larger vessels with more amenities and accommodations.
Can accommodate a larger number of passengers.
Set itineraries covering popular sites between Luxor and Aswan.
Offer facilities like restaurants, bars, pools, and entertainment options.
2. Dahabiya Cruises:
Smaller, traditional sailboats for a more intimate experience.
Accommodate a limited number of passengers.
Slower-paced itineraries with a focus on authenticity.
Offer comfortable cabins and a more traditional ambiance.
24.What are the top attractions to visit while taking a Nile cruise?
While taking a Nile River cruise, some of the top attractions you should visit include the Temple of Karnak, Temple of Luxor, Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Queens, Temple of Queen Hatshepsut (also known shortly as Hatshepsut Temple), and Colossi of Memnon in Luxor, Kom Ombo Temple in Kom Ombo, Edfu Temple in Edfu, and the High Dam, the Temple of Philae, and the Unfinished Obelisk in Aswan. These sites showcase the grandeur and architectural wonders of ancient Egypt, allowing you to immerse yourself in its rich history and culture.
25.Is Egypt considered a safe destination?
Egypt has served as one of the best and safest tourist destinations for decades. Surrounded by warm Egyptian hospitality, courteous and kind-hearted locals you're gonna feel at home and as safe as you'll ever be. With some Sensible precautions and preparations, you will be able to explore Egypt tours and trips and enjoy Egypt's generally very safe cities with your mind at ease. Boasting a usually low crime rate visitors will be more than safe especially in areas frequently visited by tourists.
26.How can I obtain my visa to visit Egypt?
Visitors and travelers to Egypt are required to carry a passport valid for at least six months from there arrival date. However, in an effort to revitalize tourism in Egypt the following nationalities can purchase a 1-month entry visa on arrival.
The Nationalities that benefit from the aforementioned exception are Australia, Canda, Croatia, the European Union, Georgia, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Macedonia, South Korea, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine, United Kingdom and The U.S.A.
The Process for acquiring these entry visas is extremely simple and only takes a mere couple of minutes through any bank window before proceeding to customs.
27.Why book with Memphis Tours Egypt?
Memphis tours being one of the leading figures and key players in tourism industry offers a wide array of benefits to its clientele. Ensuring that your journey with us is a once in a lifetime experience that will leave you longing for more. Here are a couple of reasons why Memphis Tours should be your default to-go travel companion...
- Customer Feedback: With over 8000 reviews on Tripadvisor scoring at an average of 4.9
- Flexible itineraries
- Competitive prices
- Excellent customer service
- Facilitated payment
- Our River Nile Cruises: home to the fascinating river Nile cruises we assure you a unique and insightful experience.
28.Is there a special rate for private groups booking with Memphis Tours?
Yes, Memphis Tours Egypt does provide a discount for private trips booked with large groups. Some Egypt travel packages will include discount as well for repeated customers, loyalty program members and students.
29.How much will I have to pay as a deposit?
The fixed deposit amount is 25% of the tours total price Except for Egypt Christmas tours, new years and other peak seasons where the deposit goes up to 50%.
30.Is there any surcharge on transactions completed using a debit or credit card?
Standing by our designation to make the payment process as smooth and effortless as possible we do not apply any surcharge on your transactions via Debit or Credit card.
31.What is the currency in Egypt, and should I exchange US dollars before traveling?
The official currency of Egypt is the Egyptian Pound (EGP). While some establishments accept US dollars, it is advisable to exchange a portion of your money into Egyptian Pounds for local transactions. It is recommended to exchange currency at authorized exchange offices or withdraw cash from ATMs.
32.Where can I exchange currency?
The best currency to take to Egypt is the local currency, the Egyptian pound. However, GBP, Euro, and US dollars are highly exchangeable at local banks, currency exchange offices, and ATM machines.
33.What are the opening hours for shops and different stores in Egypt?
Most of the shops in Egypt open from around 10 AM and stay open until 10PM; however, many shops, cafes, and restaurants especially in major cities stay open much later and some
facilities and shops are open 24 hours.
34.What are the opening hours for monuments in Egypt?
Most of the monuments, historical sites, and museums in Egypt open from 9 AM until 5 PM.
Open-air historical sites, like the Pyramids of Giza, are open from 8 AM until sunset.
Some museums have morning opening hours, from 9 AM to 4 PM
evening opening hours, from 5 PM to 9 or 10 PM.During Ramadan, the holy month of the Islamic calendar, be aware that these hours will change significantly.
35.Can I take pictures while visiting the monuments in Egypt?
Photography is allowed in most of the historical sites and museums in Egypt, but some of them have extra charges for taking in a camera.
in some museums, like the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities, and some historical sites, like the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, photography is prohibited and visitors are asked to leave their cameras at the reception before entering.
36.Can I book additional activities or excursions during my stay in Egypt?
Absolutely! Our travel agency offers a range of additional activities and excursions to enhance your Egypt experience. Whether you want to take a hot air balloon ride over Luxor, enjoy a traditional Nubian dinner in Aswan, or explore the vibrant markets of Cairo, we can help you plan and book these memorable experiences.
37.Is there any special dress code to be followed during visiting a mosque in Egypt?
modest dress would be highly recommended and in some mosques, women will be asked to cover their hair and perhaps their arms and legs.
Both women and men will be asked to remove their shoes before entering a mosque.
38.Is there any special advice for women travelers while visiting Egypt?
In less touristic places, relatively modest dress is recommended.
Women should avoid very tight clothing, keep their shoulders and knees covered, and avoid very revealing necklines. Men should also avoid particularly revealing clothing.
wearing shorts is not very common among Egyptians. Dressing with relative modesty is a way of respecting the local culture.
The metro in Cairo has separate cars for women that might be more comfortable, especially during rush hours when the cars can be very full.
39.Do I have to learn Arabic in order to enjoy my visit to Egypt?
It's not a must but definitely advisable and beneficial to learn a couple of day to day basic Arabic words and phrases such as greetings amongst others. If you are planning to dive deeper and explore more than the Popular destinations and famous tourist attractions, learning some phrases is surely a smart move.
40.Do Egyptians speak languages other than Arabic?
Have no fear Most Egyptians living in Cities have a basic command over the English language and some English words and phrases.
However the same cannot be said for French, Italian, Spanish and finally German. Nevertheless, Professionals working in the tourism sector have easily adapted to visitors who don't speak Arabic. Satisfying the needs of most travellers with a combination of English and other lingual phrases.
41.Can I bring a supply of cigarettes & alcohol while visiting Egypt?
It is always recommended for travelers who wish to have their own supply of cigarettes and alcohol with them in Egypt to purchase them upon arrival. There are duty free shops in the airports in Cairo, Luxor, Hurghada, El Gouna and Sharm El Sheikh. Tourists are allowed to purchase up to 3 liters of alcohol and up to 200 cigarettes on arrival.
42.Is it a common practice to give tips in Egypt?
Service charges are by default included in the bill when dining in a restaurant. However, these fees go to the restaurant and not the waiters. Knowing this it is advisable and courteous to directly tip the servers with an additional 10 %.
43.How much should I tip?
In a restaurant, it is good to give between 5 and 10% tip directly to the waiter.
For a small favor, like carrying luggage or parking a car, a few Egyptian pounds would be appropriate. Not more than five.
Often times in Egypt you will find someone tending to the bathroom to keep it clean. Giving them one Egyptian pound is an appropriate amount.
Tipping your tour guide and vehicle driver is completely optional but should be considered if you're provided with great service. If you decide to tip feel free to give what you think your experience was worth.
44.Is it customary to tip in Egypt?
Tipping, known as "baksheesh," is a common practice in Egypt to show appreciation for good service. It is customary to tip hotel staff, tour guides, drivers, and restaurant staff. While tipping is not mandatory, it is appreciated. It's recommended to keep small denominations of Egyptian Pounds for tipping purposes.
45.Can I haggle or negotiate prices in Egyptian markets?
Bargaining is a common practice in Egyptian markets and souks. It is expected to negotiate the price when shopping for souvenirs, textiles, or other goods in local markets. Remember to approach it with a friendly attitude, be respectful, and enjoy the interactive shopping experience.
46.What is the voltage and plug type used in Egypt?
Egypt operates on a 220-240V electrical system, and the standard plug type is the European two-pin plug. It is advisable to bring a universal adapter if your electronic devices use a different plug type.
47.Can I use my mobile phone in Egypt?
Most US mobile phones will work in Egypt if they have international roaming activated. However, it is advisable to check with your service provider regarding international roaming rates and coverage in Egypt. Alternatively, you can purchase a local SIM card upon arrival for better rates and coverage.
48.How can I stay connected to the internet during my trip to Egypt?
Most hotels, restaurants, and cafes in tourist areas offer free Wi-Fi access. You can also consider purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival to have reliable internet access throughout your trip. It is advisable to check with your service provider regarding international data roaming rates if you plan to use your US mobile phone.
49.Can I drink tap water in Egypt?
It is generally not recommended to drink tap water in Egypt. It is advisable to drink bottled water, which is readily available. Ensure the seal on the bottle is intact before consuming.
50.Can I find vegetarian or vegan food options in Egypt?
Yes, vegetarian and vegan food options are available in Egypt. Many local dishes feature vegetables, legumes, and grains, making it easier to find vegetarian-friendly meals. Most restaurants and hotels also offer vegetarian or vegan menu options, and specialized vegan and vegetarian restaurants can be found in major cities.
51.Are there any health concerns or vaccinations required for visiting Egypt?
It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or travel clinic before visiting Egypt to ensure you are up to date on routine vaccinations. Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccinations are usually recommended. Additionally, it is important to drink bottled water, avoid consuming raw or undercooked foods, and take precautions against mosquito bites.
52.Are there any health issues that I should worry about in Egypt?
Some travelers might suffer sunburn or heat stroke from the heat and sun during the summer if they are not careful; however, taking the proper precautions and drinking bottled water can eliminate any health risks.
53.Is it safe to swim in the Nile River?
Swimming in the Nile River is generally not recommended due to strong currents, water quality concerns, and wildlife hazards. It is advisable to choose designated swimming areas with proper safety measures.
54.What kind of transportation can be used to move in Egypt cities?
From your very first step after landing in Cairo airport, there will be a wide range of comfortable and affordable means of transport under your beck and call. The Fastest and most abundant is the Taxi. It is preferred to avoid white taxis as they Rarely abide by a meter reading and might ask for an exaggerated fare.
However, the GPs and meter utilizing Uber transportation service is a preferred alternative. Another popular and highly accessible option for moving around is the Subway/Metro. With the Streets occasionally getting congested with people and automobiles the metro has become one of the fastest means of transportation to move from point A to Point B in Egypt. It tends to get crowded in rush hour times but still stands as a fast and convenient means of transport.
Load more
Tips
- The currency of Egypt is the Egyptian pound, The value of the Pound is effectively fixed at the rate of 0.056 LE to 1 USD, Credit cards are widely used in Egypt.
- Service charges that have been included on your bill go to the restaurant, not the waiter. Be sure to tip the servers 10% in addition by handing it to them directly.
- The metro is one of the best ways to go from one place to another within Cairo.
- Arabic is the official language, English is widely used as second language.
- Try “Fool”, Egyptian beans, and “Koshary”, a traditional Egyptian pasta dish.
- Try Kebab and Kofta, the Egyptian traditional meat dish.
Highlights
- Visit the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx and valley temple which belongs to king Chephren.
- See Luxor temple, Hatshepsut temple, Valley of the Kings and Karnak temple in Luxor.
- Admire the wonders of ancient history at the Egyptian Museum.
- Discover the magic of Egyptian oases like Siwa or Bahariya
- Dive or snorkel in Sinai or cities situated on the Red Sea.
- Going on a Nile Cruise from Luxor to Aswan or vise versa.
- Shop at Khan El Khalili touristic market in Cairo.
- Visit Philae and Abu Simbel temples in Aswan.
- Visit the Saint Catherine Monastery in Sinai.
- Exploring Islamic Cairo on foot.
Discover More About Egypt
Explore unique stories, insider tips, and must-see spots to make the most of your visit.
