Visiting Mevlana Museum in Konya: More Local Secrets You Need to Know

The Origins of the Mevlâna Museum

The profound spiritual landmark now known as the Mevlâna Museum traces its origins to a humble beginning as the rose garden of a Seljuk palace. This sacred site has undergone remarkable transformations throughout its nearly 800-year history, evolving from a burial ground into one of Turkey's most significant cultural treasures.

From the dervish lodge to the national museum

Originally functioning as the tekke (dervish lodge) of the Mevlevi order, the site served as the spiritual home for the whirling dervishes for nearly seven centuries. This sacred complex housed not only Rumi's tomb but also functioned as an active center for Mevlevi teaching and practice. Throughout its existence as a dervish lodge, the site gradually expanded with additional structures to accommodate growing numbers of disciples and visitors.

The transformation into a museum came after a significant historical shift in Turkey. Following the establishment of the Turkish Republic, a decree issued by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on April 6, 1926, mandated that the mausoleum and dervish lodge be converted into a museum. This remarkable transition officially took place on March 2, 1927, initially opening as the Konya Museum of Antiquities. Subsequently, in 1954, it was renamed the Mevlevi Museum, and finally designated as the Mevlâna Museum in 1964.

While the museum initially occupied an area of 6,500 square meters with its garden, the space has expanded significantly over time. Through additional expropriations designed as rose gardens, the museum complex now encompasses an impressive 18,000 square meters, providing visitors with a more extensive experience of this historical treasure.

The role of Sultan Alaeddin Kayqubad

The genesis of what would become the Mevlâna Museum can be traced directly to the generosity of Sultan Alaeddin Kayqubad, the Seljuk ruler of Rum. In a pivotal act of patronage, the Sultan gifted the rose garden of the Seljuk palace to Mevlâna's father, Sultanü'l-Ulema Bahaaeddin Veled, upon their arrival in Konya.

This royal gift gained profound significance after Sultanü'l-Ulema's death on January 12, 1231, as he became the first person to be buried in this rose garden. The site's transformation accelerated after Mevlâna himself died on December 17, 1273, and was buried beside his father. Despite Mevlâna's wish against building a mausoleum (reportedly saying, "How could there be a better mausoleum than the sky itself?"), His son Sultan Veled honored the requests of disciples and initiated the construction of a memorial structure.

Architectural evolution over the centuries

The architectural development of the Mevlâna Museum complex unfolded across multiple dynasties, each adding distinctive elements that reflect the changing artistic styles and growing importance of the site. The first tomb structure was commissioned in 1274 by Gurju Khatun, wife of the Seljuk Emir Suleiman Pervâne, with the construction costs also supported by Emir Alameddin Kayser.

Initially, the mausoleum called "Kubbe-i Hadra" (Green Mausoleum) was built by architect Bedrettin from Tabriz on four thick columns described as "elephant feet". A significant architectural transformation occurred in 1397 under Karamanid ruler Ala' al-Din Ali Bey, who replaced the original dome with the sixteen-sided conical crown covered with distinctive green tiles that give the mausoleum its iconic appearance.

The complex reached its current form primarily through expansions during the Ottoman period. Major enlargements and redecorations took place during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512), whose contributions are commemorated with a thuluth inscription on the southern wall of Mevlâna's tomb. His grandson, Süleyman I (known as "The Magnificent," 1520-1566), is credited with constructing the mosque and ritual hall (semahane) that adjoin the northern wall of the shrine.

From its origins as a simple burial site, the complex gradually incorporated additional structures, including dervish cells, a kitchen (matbah), gathering places, support structures, a fountain, and various ceremonial spaces. This continuous architectural evolution resulted in the comprehensive museum complex you can explore today.

Exploring the Museum Complex

Stepping through the gates of the Mevlana Museum in Konya reveals a complex that tells a story far beyond its walls. This sacred space, once bustling with dervishes seeking spiritual enlightenment, now offers visitors a glimpse into centuries of Sufi tradition.

The courtyard and Dervişan Kapısı

Upon entering the complex, you pass through the Dervişan Kapısı (Gate of the Dervishes), which leads into a serene marble-paved courtyard. At the heart of this open space sits an elegant ablutions fountain, constructed during the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim. This central şadırvan provided ritual washing for dervishes before prayer and meditation.

The courtyard itself serves as the organizational hub of the complex, with various structures arranged around its perimeter. To the south, after the Hürrem Pasha tomb, stands the gate of Hamuşan (meaning "Sealed Lips"), opening toward the Üçler cemetery. The tranquil atmosphere is enhanced by the presence of roses, trees, and ornate tombstones, creating a contemplative garden space.

Semahane: The ritual hall of whirling dervishes

Perhaps the most spiritually significant section after the mausoleum itself is the Semahane, the ceremonial hall where dervishes performed their famous whirling ritual. Added during the Ottoman period under Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, this spacious hall witnessed countless Sema ceremonies until the dervish lodge was converted to a museum in 1926.

Within the Semahane, you'll discover treasured artifacts including an original copy of the Mathnawi (Mevlâna's masterpiece), Mevlâna's cape and other clothing items, and even a 9th-century gazelle-skin Christian manuscript. A collection of musical instruments once used during ceremonies is prominently displayed, showcasing the kemence, kemane, halile, daire, kudüm, rebab, and the ney – the flute reportedly played by Mevlâna himself.

Additionally, the room contains a display case holding a casket with strands of Muhammad's beard, considered one of the museum's most sacred possessions.

The matbah and dervish cells

In the southwest corner of the courtyard stands the matbah (kitchen), built by Sultan Murat II in 1548. Until the lodge's conversion to a museum in 1926, this kitchen provided meals for everyone residing in the complex. Today, it has been restored and arranged with mannequins dressed as dervishes, demonstrating cooking activities and the special table routines called "somat."

Moreover, along the northern and western sides of the courtyard, you'll find 17 small domed cells built in 1584 during Sultan Murat III's reign. These cells, each featuring a small dome and chimney, once housed dervishes studying under Mevlevi masters. Currently, these spaces showcase ethnographic displays relating to dervish life, including clothing, textiles, calligraphy, and musical instruments. In particular, look for personal items belonging to Şems of Tabriz, including his hat and a manuscript of the Mâkâlât, his most famous work.

The mosque and sacred artifacts

Adjacent to the Semahane stands a small mosque (masjid), also constructed during Süleyman the Magnificent's reign. The mosque features a muqarnas portal and is covered by a single dome carried on pendentives between four grand arches. The qibla wall connects to the shrine through a twin archway containing a marble mihrab on its central column.

Notably, this space now serves as an exhibition area for a remarkable collection of illuminated Korans and valuable prayer rugs. Among the treasures housed here is a box decorated with nacre, believed to contain the Holy Beard of Muhammad (Sakal-i Şerif). The interior spaces are adorned with painted inscriptions from 1887, signed by Mehmed Mahbub of Konya, adding to the spiritual ambiance of this sacred space.

Throughout the complex, informative displays provide deeper insights into Sufism's history and cultural significance, making your exploration of the Mevlana Museum in Konya both educational and spiritually enriching.

Inside the Mausoleum of Rumi

Entering the sacred inner chamber of Rumi's mausoleum evokes a sense of reverence that has drawn pilgrims for centuries. This spiritual centerpiece of the Mevlana Museum in Konya offers visitors a profound connection to one of history's most influential mystic poets.

Rumi's tomb and the turquoise dome

First and foremost, your attention will be drawn to the magnificent turquoise dome, known as Kibab'ulaktab, which has become the defining symbol of Konya's skyline. Beneath this iconic dome lies Rumi's sarcophagus, with the actual burial chamber situated directly underneath. The sarcophagus is draped in heavy brocade embroidered with gold threads and verses from the Quran. These elaborate coverings were a gift from Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1894.

The wooden sarcophagus itself dates back to the 12th century and represents a masterpiece of Seljuk woodcarving. A silver lattice, constructed by Ilyas in 1579, separates the sarcophagi from the main chamber. Meanwhile, sunlight streams through stained glass windows, creating a kaleidoscope of colors on the tiled walls.

Sarcophagi of family and followers

Surrounding Rumi's tomb are numerous other sarcophagi belonging to family members and devoted followers. Accordingly, the largest tomb belongs to Mevlâna himself, flanked by that of his son Sultan Veled. Rumi's father, Bahaeddin Veled, has his wooden tomb positioned uniquely, standing upright.

The platform houses an impressive total of 66 sarcophagi, though not all are visible to visitors. On the left side of the mausoleum, six coffins are arranged in rows of three; these belonged to the dervishes who accompanied Mevlâna and his family from Belkh. Opposite them, on a raised platform beneath two domes, stand cenotaphs belonging to Rumi's descendants and high-ranking members of the Mevlevi order.

Symbolism of turbans and tombs

Above all, the most striking symbolic elements are the large turbans placed atop certain tombs. These turbans serve as powerful symbols of spiritual authority within Sufi tradition. Furthermore, the number of wraps on each turban denotes the level of spiritual importance of the deceased.

The standing position of Bahaeddin Veled's tomb carries its own significance – devotees say Mevlâna was so holy that even his father stands to show respect. Consequently, this unique arrangement has become part of the mystical lore surrounding the site.

For instance, upon entering the mausoleum, visitors might notice the bronze Nisan tası (April bowl) on the left. This 13th-century vessel collected sacred April rainwater, and the tip of Mevlâna's turban was dipped in this water and offered to those seeking healing. The vibrant atmosphere within the tomb space creates what one visitor described as "a festival; sublime without being somber".

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

Beyond the physical structure of the Mevlana Museum in Konya lies a rich tapestry of spiritual and cultural heritage that continues to influence millions worldwide.

The Mevlevi Order and Sufi philosophy

The Mevlevi Order, established after Rumi died in 1273, was founded by his son Sultan Veled and grandson Arif Çelebi. Throughout the centuries, this Sufi order spread across the Ottoman Empire, with branches established in numerous regions. Originally, dervishes underwent an intensive 1,001-day training period within the Mevlevihane (Mevlevihane, where they learned ethics, behavior codes, and spiritual practices.

At its core, the Mevlevi philosophy emphasizes love as central to Islam. As Mevlevi sheik Şefik Can expressed, "Rumi tells us to take the love of God to the forefront, to abstain from being attached to the letter of the law rather than the spirit of it, to find the essence of the faith". This mystical approach focuses on the individual soul's separation from God during earthly existence and the power of divine love to reunite them.

The Sema ceremony and its meaning

The Sema ceremony represents the spiritual cornerstone of Mevlevi practice. This ritual performance symbolizes stages on the path to accessing God, with participants called semazens whirling in a counter-clockwise circle. Each element carries profound symbolism: the black cloak (hırka) represents death and the grave; the tall brown hat (sikke) symbolizes the ego's tombstone; the white robes (tennûre) signify resurrection.

During the ceremony, semazens extend their right hand upward to receive divine grace while pointing their left hand downward to channel blessings to the world. The four-part ceremony represents the human being's spiritual journey: birth to Truth through knowledge, rapture while witnessing creation, transformation of rapture into love, and finally, the servant's complete submission to God.

Rumi's poetry and teachings

Rumi's literary masterpieces, particularly the Mathnawi and Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi, transcend cultural boundaries with their universal messages. His verses emphasize divine love as "the way to true fulfillment in life". Though primarily writing in Persian, Rumi occasionally incorporated Turkish, Arabic, and Greek phrases in his poetry.

His teachings promote tolerance, knowledge-seeking, and the dissolution of ego through divine love. Every December 17th, thousands gather to commemorate Rumi's death during Şeb-i Arus (Night of Union), celebrating what Sufis consider his reunion with the Beloved. This annual festival transforms the Mevlana Museum in Konya into a center of spiritual pilgrimage, honoring the enduring legacy of a mystic whose wisdom continues to resonate across faiths and cultures.

Tips for Visiting the Mevlâna Museum

Planning your visit to the Mevlana Museum in Konya requires some insider knowledge to make the most of this remarkable spiritual site. Here are essential tips that will enhance your experience at this treasured destination.

Best times to visit Konya, Turkey

The museum welcomes visitors daily from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm with free admission. To avoid crowds, arrive right at opening time or during the lunch hour, as mid-morning and mid-afternoon tend to be busiest.

Springtime offers perhaps the most pleasant experience, with blooming gardens and mild weather creating a picturesque setting. Nevertheless, summer brings vibrant energy with more visitors and longer daylight hours.

If you're interested in witnessing the spiritual essence of the site, plan your visit for December 17th when the annual Şeb-i Aruz festival commemorates Rumî's "wedding night with God" (death anniversary) with special ceremonies.

Dress code and etiquette

Since the Mevlâna Museum holds deep religious significance, modest attire is essential:

• Cover your shoulders and knees
• Women should bring a head covering for certain areas
• You'll need to wear thin plastic shoe covers provided at the entrance to preserve the floors

Regarding conduct, maintain a respectful, quiet demeanor throughout your visit. Although photography is permitted, be discreet and limit flash usage out of respect.

Accessibility and navigation tips

The museum generally offers good accessibility features for wheelchair users and visitors with visual impairments. Features include:

• Special parking and portable ramps
• Wide doorways (at least 75 cm)
• Audio guides and braille descriptions
• Service animals are permitted

Plan to spend approximately 30-45 minutes exploring the complex. For a deeper understanding, consider taking a guided tour available in multiple languages.

Nearby attractions to explore

After experiencing the Mevlâna Museum, visit the impressive Selimiye Mosque situated directly in front of the museum. Likewise, the surrounding bazaar neighborhood offers wonderful shopping opportunities with metalware workshops and carpet shops.

For a delightful side trip, explore the charming Ottoman-Greek village of Sille, located just 10 kilometers northwest of central Konya, known for its restored Byzantine churches and traditional wooden-beamed houses.

The Mevlana Museum stands as more than just a historical monument or tourist attraction. This sacred space transcends ordinary museum experiences, offering visitors a profound glimpse into Sufi spirituality, Turkish cultural heritage, and the timeless wisdom of Rumi. Throughout its nearly 800-year evolution from rose garden to dervish lodge to national treasure, the site has maintained its spiritual essence while adapting to changing times.

Your visit to the turquoise-domed mausoleum allows a deep connection with Rumi's teachings about love, tolerance, and spiritual growth. Certainly, walking through the same courtyards where whirling dervishes once practiced their meditative ceremonies creates an atmosphere unlike any other Turkish destination. The architectural beauty, from the iconic dome to the intricate woodcarvings and calligraphy, reflects centuries of artistic devotion to honoring Rumi's legacy.

Though photographs can capture the physical beauty of the museum complex, they fail to convey the emotional impact experienced when standing before Rumi's tomb. Additionally, the preserved artifacts, manuscripts, and ritual spaces provide context that deepens appreciation for the Mevlevi Order's cultural contributions.

Whether drawn by historical curiosity, architectural interest, or spiritual seeking, your journey to the Mevlana Museum is rewarded with insights into universal human experiences. Plan your visit carefully using the practical tips provided, and you'll discover why millions make this pilgrimage annually.

The Mevlana Museum ultimately reminds us of Rumi's enduring message that transcends religious and cultural boundaries. His words continue to resonate across centuries: "Come, come, whoever you are. Wanderer, worshiper, lover of leaving. Ours is not a caravan of despair." This invitation to spiritual exploration awaits you in the heart of Konya.

FAQs

Q1. How can I experience a whirling dervish ceremony in Konya?

 You can attend a whirling dervish performance at the Mevlana Cultural Center, located about a 15-minute walk from the Mevlana Museum. Shows typically take place on Saturday evenings, and tickets are very affordable.

Q2. What should I wear when visiting the Mevlana Museum? 

Dress modestly out of respect for the site's religious significance. Cover your shoulders and knees, and women may want to bring a head covering for certain areas. You'll also need to wear thin plastic shoe covers provided at the entrance.

Q3. What are the main attractions in Konya besides the Mevlana Museum?

 In addition to the Mevlana Museum, popular attractions include attending a Sema ceremony, visiting the Selimiye Mosque, exploring the surrounding bazaar, and taking a day trip to the UNESCO-listed Çatalhöyük archeological site.

Q4. Where is Rumi's actual burial place within the museum? 

Rumi's sarcophagus is located under the iconic turquoise dome, known as Kibab'ulaktab. The actual burial chamber is situated directly beneath the sarcophagus in the mausoleum.

Q5. What is the best time of year to visit the Mevlana Museum? 

Spring offers pleasant weather and blooming gardens, creating a picturesque setting. However, if you want to experience the spiritual essence of the site, consider visiting during the annual Şeb-i Aruz festival on December 17th, which commemorates Rumi's death anniversary with special ceremonies.